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中考英语作文书面表达题写作技巧收藏 发布时间:2019-06-09 10:17:53
第一节 中考英语书面表达题的必备基础
书面表达是每年中考必考题型,这类题主要是考查考生英语知识的综合运用能力和交际能力。中考书面表达的要求一般是根据所提供的情景写一篇60至80词的短文,提供情景的方式有纯汉字提示、图画图表或表格加少量文字提示。中考书面表达的体裁一般为记叙文和应用文,特别是书信、日记、通知、留言、假条等实用性文体,其题材都与考生的生活或学习息息相关,为考生所熟悉。考生所写的短文都必须要点完整,紧扣主题,文理通顺,语言准确得当,格式正确,无大、小写和拼写错误,标点符号正确,能达到交际目的。突破书面表达,考生需具体以下几个方面的基础:
一、词汇基础
要写出漂亮的句子和文章我们必须熟练掌握大量的单词。如描写人物时,若要具体生动,你就需要掌握以下单词:外表特征用tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等;服饰颜色用red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等;内心境界用glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等;感情描写用love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等;动作描写用come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。单词量大才可以在一句话或一篇文章中尽量不使用同一单词,而用同义词去代替,以避免过多的重复。
二、短语基础
同学们在平时的学习中要尽可能多地掌握词组,若在书面表达中能恰当地运用几个词组就会使文章显得更有文采,自然就会提高得分。下列词组对我们写作十分有用,同学们务必熟记:all the year round一年到头;as soon as possible尽快地;be interested in对……感兴趣;be proud of以……自豪;be fed up with厌烦;come up with找到,提出(答案办法等);come true实现;do one‘s best尽最大努力; enjoy oneself玩得痛快;get on well with与……相处融洽;get ready for为……做准备;make a contribution to贡献给;make a decision做出决定;make friends交朋友;make money赚钱; instead of代替;keep doing一直做某事;look after照顾;on one’s way to在……途中;make up one‘s mind决心;more and more越来越;more or less或多或少;make room for给……腾出地方;make telephone calls打电话;pick up拾起;play a joke on戏弄人;prefer…to…喜欢……不喜欢;put off推迟;regard…as把……当作;say goodbye to向……告别;speak highly of称赞;take care of照料;teach oneself自学;the more, the better越多越好;think of认为,想起;to one’s surprise令某人惊讶。
三、句式基础
如there be句式。如:
There is a big tree in front of the house. 房子前面有棵大树。
It is +adj. +to do sth句式。如:
It is good to eat more vegetables. 多吃蔬菜是益处的。
It’s time to do sth 句式。如:
It’s time to wake him up. 该叫醒他了。
It’s time for sth句式。如:
It’s time for the children to go to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。
enough to 句式。如:
She was not yet strong enough to travel. 她身子还比较虚弱不能旅行。
第二节 英语写作题的基本句型
五个个简单句的基本句型是英语写作的基础,同学们一定要每个句型熟记一个例句,做到举一反三:
一、主语+谓语
Money talks. 金钱万能。
They both laughed. 两人都笑了。
二、主语+谓语+宾语
Every dog has his day. 人人都有出头日。
I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。
三、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
He told us a story. 他给我们讲了一个故事。
I’ll ask how to get there. 我去问怎样到那里。
四、主语+宾语+宾补
He told me to clean the classroom.他叫我打扫教室。
I saw him leave / leaving the house. 我看到他离开了 / 正在离开房间。(注:在see, notice, watch, hear等感官动词后作宾补可用动词原形表示整个过程,用动词的-ing形式表示听到、看到时该动作正在发生。)
He made me open the door.他要我打开门。(注:在表示“使、让”的make, let, have后作宾补的不定式一般不能带to.)
Playing football can make us healthy.踢足球能使我们健康。
五、主语+系动词+表语
①Love is blind. 情人眼里出西施。
注:be (am, is, are, was, were等)是最典型的系动词,可用形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词等作表语。除here, there, up等极少数副词(这些副词无相应的形容词) 可作be的表语外,一般不能用副词作表语,而要用相应的形容词作表语。
②The food tastes good. 这食物很好吃。
注:表示“……起来”的taste(尝起来、吃起来), smell(闻起来), sound(听起来), look / seem(看起来), feel(摸起来)等都是系动词,后面必须接形容词作表语。
③Our teacher became angry.我们的老师生气了。
注:表示“变化”的become, turn, get等也可作系动词,后面可接形容词或名词等作表语,但不能用副词用表语。
第三节 中考英语文体写作指要
就是同学们需要具备一些初步的文体基础知识,特别是记叙文、说明文和应用文的一些基础知识。
一、记叙文
有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果6个要素。其中时间、地点、人物一般作为故事的开端放在文章的开头;事件和原因常用为故事的发展,放在文章的中间,是文章的主体;结果常作为故事的结局放在文章的最后。温馨提示:(1)时态:故事、日记和报道之类的文章常是记叙过去发生的事,为常用一般过去时。叙述当前的自然、社会现象多用一般现在时。(2)人称:常用第一人称或第三人称。
二、说明文
中考中的说明主要是介绍物品、人物、家庭、班级、学校、家乡房间或建筑及地点场所等中。可按时间顺序和空间位置进行说明。除介绍历史人物用一般过去时外,通以一般现在时为主。
三、应用文
中考中的应用文主要有书信、通知、请假条、留言条等。同学们要着重注意与汉语格式的不同之处。如汉语信中的写信日期写在信末的右下方,而英语信的写信日期位于信笺的右上方,汉语信的称呼后冒号,而英语信的称呼后一般用逗号;汉语信末常在结束语后写上“某某敬上”、“某某顿首”等,而英文信末,在右下方写上Yours (truly / sincerely / faithfully)后加逗号,再在其下面签名;请假条和便条的格式与英文书信差不多,只是写的日期一般不需写年月,只写日期或星期几、上午 / 下午或几点钟;英文书面通知的发布单位可像汉语通知一样写在通知正文末的右下方,也可写在NOTICE的上方或前方,通知日期可写在通知正文的右上方也可写在通知最后的左下方;口头通知均以That‘s all. Thank you结尾。
中考英语书面表达复习指导
书面表达是中考中的主观题。培养写作技能,训练语言表达能力是新教材英语语言教学的主要内容之一。新课标要求学生能在所学词汇、语法和句型的基础上造简单的句子;能仿照学过的题材和所给的范例写简单的书信、便条、通知等。书面表达是中考英语测试的一个重要方面,综合地考查学生运用所学的英语知识进行语言表达的能力。
一、书面表达题的题型特点
纵观全国各省市的中考英语试题,书面表达题所占的分值在10分左右,书面表达的题型看起来繁多,但都在初中阶段所学的范围之内,内容并不多,题型多为以下几种:
1. 看图编写对话或短文。
2. 根据图示(或英文提示)填写对话或短文中所缺的词语。
3. 根据中文提示编写对话或短文。
4. 根据中文(或英文)提示编写书信、日记、通知、感谢信等。
初中阶段的书面表达主要是考查学生是否具备将零乱的句子组成段落的能力,同时也是考查学生的语句组织能力。从难度上看,填写对话或短文中所缺的词语这一方面的题比较容易,因为句子是现成的,不用自己再造。看图编写对话或短文则要困难一些,因为句子全要自己编写。难度最大的是按中文或英文提示写作文,除了句子不犯语法错误,单词拼写正确外,还要求上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑。
二、做书面表达时应注意的几点
1. 书面表达虽然有一定的主观性,但不同于其他的写作,有它的独特之处,学生不能离开提示自定内容。即在做的时候,一定要注意提示或图,切中题意。
2. 提示内容要全部写上,不能丢掉一些材料中所包含的内容。
3. 在遣词造句时,一定要选用在课本中学过的并有把握的词汇和句型,决不要凭自己的想像和猜测去写,否则就有可能写出汉语式的英文。
4. 在写短文时,适当的运用所学过的一些连词,将散乱的句子连接成通顺的短文。
5. 若为应用文,格式要正确,书写要符合规范。
6. 做完之后,要认真检查,看语句是否通顺、正确,是否有拼写、大小写、标点符号等方面的错误。
三、书面表达题的答题方法
做书面表达的解题技巧有:
1. 对于看图作文一定要看清画面,了解图示所表达的主要内容,尤其要注意图片中的人物、地点和背景;把握关键词语,积极展开联想;逐图进行描述,综合起来思考。
2. 对于应用文写作一定要仔细阅读写作要求、所给的提示、文字说明等材料,确定写作的文体和格式;根据提供的写作材料,确立主题,列出要点;根据要点运用所掌握的英语词语和知识把要点适当展开,用自己最熟悉最有把握的句型和词汇来表达。尽可能地用多样化的句子结构和句型,使语言丰富、流畅。
3. 写完之后要检查修改。要对照题目要求,认真通读全句、对话或短文,检查内容有无遗漏,时态、语态是否妥当,单词的拼写是否正确,主谓是否一致,句子的语序和表达是否符合英文习惯等,尽量减少错误。
第四节 中考英语写作题答题步骤
做中考英语书面表达题,一般按下列步骤进行:
一、认真审题
看到考题后,先不要急于动笔,要仔细看清题目要求。审题时要看清文字说明、图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息,以及参考词汇,字数要求等等。如果是几幅图要将几幅图结合起来看,才能弄清人物关系和故事情节。还要审文体,确定格式,确定人称,确定主体时态。
二、列出要点
要点是给分的一个重要因素,为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点,同学们要在看清看懂所有文字、图画、参考词汇的基础上,在草稿纸上将各个要点逐条列出。
三、写出词句
用英语写出各个要点的关键词语或句型,并用地道的英语句子将各个要点逐一表达出来。
四、连句成文
根据各个要点之间的关系,使用恰当的关联词语(详见语篇基础),将各个句子连接成通顺流畅的短文。并注意以下几点:避免使用汉语式英语,尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。注意长短句交错,几种句型可交替使用,以避免重复和呆板。
五、细心检查
短文写好后还要细心检一篇,看是否正确无误。你可主要检查:(1)人称是否用错,并注意人称代词的主格和宾格形式是否有错;(2)动词的时态形式是否准确无误,特别注意查看一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词是否加了(e)s;(3)名词的复数形式;(4)单词拼写、标点符号和大小写是否有错;(5) 格式是否有错。
六、写入试卷
经检查,准确无误后,才写入试卷。要特别注意书写工整,卷面整洁。阅卷时正值天气炎热,老师工作量之大,时间紧迫,书写是否工整,卷面是否整洁与得分高低直接有关,同学们务必注意。
第五节 中考英语书面表达错点分析
一、漏掉内容要点
中考书面表达一般为提示作文,即根据所给情景写一篇60~80个词左右的短文。提供的情景在形式上有图画,文字提纲、表格等,而情景所提供的信息是多方面的,考生既不能只对某一要点进行过度,不必要的发挥,而忽视了其它要点,也不能只简单地说明一下要点,从而导致内容不够具体和丰富。
二、语言表达不规范
这是考生普遍存在的问题,具体表现为:
a. 单词大小写问题。如把中国写成china, OK写成 ok等。
b. 单词拼写错误。如在单词中把a写成u ,把v写成 r等。此错误因追求速度造成,只要稍加注意,是可以克服的。
c. 动词形式不正确。其中以不规则动词的过去式、过去分词的拼写错误最常见
d. 汉语式英语。在写英语作文时,不少同学总是先在脑子里形成中文,然后逐字翻译成英文。因不能很好地把握中英文之间的区别而导致此类错误。
三、典型错误分析
汉:我们将在那儿吃午饭。
英:We will stay there have lunch.
正确译文:We will have lunch there.
汉:他认为你最好乘火车去广州。
英:He think that you best by train go to Guanbgzhou.
正确译文:He thinks that you’d better go to Guangzhou by train.
另外还有句型错误。如Please don’t smoking. 祈使句动词用原形,原句改为:Please don’t smoke…… 3. 句子无条理,行文不连贯。
书面表达的要求之一就是能有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。考生应具备正确的使用并列、让步、转折、因果等关系的过渡词的能力,使所写短文通顺、连贯。
第六节 中考英语写作·要点类
(一)
根据下列提示的信息写一篇60至80字的短文。要求书写规范,语句通顺行文流畅,结构完整,语法正确。
内容提示:
1. 小明随父亲打工进城;
2. 小明到一所中学继续读书;
3. 在学习上不明遇到一些困难;
4. 同学们想办法帮助他,使他克服了困难,取得了进步。
「参考范文」
Xiaoming’s father found a job in the city, and Xiaoming had to go there with him. He went on with his study in a middle school, but he began to have some problems in his study. Happily for him, his new classmates were very kind and tried to help him in different ways. Soon Xiaoming solved all the problems and did better and better in all the subjects.
(二)
假设今天是4月9号,星期五。请根据以下要点写一篇60字左右的值日报告。文章的开头和结尾已经给出。文章必须包括以下要点:
1. 星期几、日期、天气;
2. 除了林涛以外所有同学都来了;
3. 昨天的运动会上林涛受伤了;
4. 放学后要去看他,希望他很快好起来;
5. 其他需要报告的事情。
「参考范文」
I’m on duty today. Today is Friday, April 9. It’s sunny. Everyone is here except LinTao. As you know, he hurt his leg at the sports meeting yesterday. We’ll go to see him after school. I hope he will be all right soon. By the way, some English experts will come to visit our school tomorrow. Please be polite to them. That’s all. Thank you
(三)
假如你是张强,请你根据美国Bob的来信内容,结合你自己的情况写出一篇语言连贯,符合逻辑的英文回信。
要求:认真阅读来信的内容,从中获得你所需要的信息;词数在80左右。
注意:信中不得出现真实的姓名和地址
「参考范文」
Dear friend,
Hello. I'm your new friend. My name is Bob. I’m fifteen. I’m American. I live in New York.
I am a middle school student. I’m good at maths. It is very interesting. My favorite sport is basketball. And I am not only a basketball fan but also a good player. I like pop music. My friends and I often sing pop songs together.
After school,I am interested in getting online. I have known a lot about China from the Internet. Now I’m learning Chinese. I hope I will visit your country one day.
Please write to me and tell me something about your life. I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
第七节 中考英语写作·看图填词题
答题方法总结
(1)认真观察图画,了解主要内容。在填词之前,应先认真看图,理解其所要表达的含义。如图中的人、物、地点、时间、环境以及其各自的变化等。通过想象、分析,把握图片所提供的信息,从中获得短文的主要内容。
(2)通读短文,图文参照,确定大意。在认真看图后,要再仔细阅读短文。将从观察图画所获得的信息与短文的内容进行对比,从而在原有的基础上更好地掌握短文大意,并确定空格处所应填的词的词义。
(3)依据语法和逻辑,确定词形。在确定了所应填的单词的词义后,应根据语法和逻辑关系,判定所填的词在句子中充当什么句子成分,是否符合上下文之间的逻辑关系。从而确定所填词的词性及其形式。
(4)认真审读,检查错误。在各个空格填上适当的词后,应将所填词汇的短文从头到尾通读一遍,一方面要注意所填词的内容是否符合图画内容,另一方面对特别留意有词形变化的地方,如动词的时态和语态;形容词和副词的比较等级;名词的单复数等等。一旦发现错误,立刻改正过来。
第八节 中考英语写作·看图写句子
答题方法
看图写句子是根据一幅或一组图画,以及若干英语提示语,要求考生根据图画内容,写出若干句内容符合语境、意思连贯,语法正确的句子。看图写话题的解题思路:
(1)认真审图,把握主题。认真观察每幅图画所提供的信息,把握各图中关键情节及其相互关系,如人物、地点、时间、动作等。将图画所要表达的主题与相应的提示语联系起来,构思出一个完整的语段。
(2)确定句型,逐图描述。在写句子时,要注意尽量运用自己熟悉的句型来进行表达,并运用语法知识连词成句,逐图进行描述。
(3)图文对照,检查修改。最后结合各图,检查所写句子是否表达准确、清楚,句子结构是否正确,时态的构成是否完整,还要检查单词大小写和标点符号是否有错。
中考英语写作·看图写短文
看图作文是比看图填词和看图写话等更高级的一种书面表达形式,它要求考生根据所给的图画或照片所提供的题材,写词数在50~100之间的一篇短文,并要求短文内容与图画相符,句子通顺、连贯、故事完整。
看图作文解题方法与技巧:
写作前
(1)认真审题,确实弄清题目要求写什么,抓住重点。注意把握三个方面:文体、人称和时态。文体即明确是写记叙性短文,还是写应用文,而不同文体的格式要求又是什么?人称是弄清楚用第一人称还是用第二人称来进行叙述描写;时态则是确定行文是用单纯的现在时态,过去时态还是用多种时态的组合。
(2) 仔细读图,列出要点。读图时要认真地根据所给的图表,对其进行连贯性和相关性的联想,一方面可针对每幅画面问W(Who, What, Where, When) 和H(How)的问题;另一方面对画与画之间的联系,不妨问问How和Why等问题,去发现哪些细节已发生了变化,又是围绕什么而变化的,从而把握住故事的线索和主题。在审清题意和获取必要的信息,如时间、地点、人物、事件、结果等的基础上,可列出要点,并按正确的逻辑排列,然后考虑一下要选用的词汇和句型。
写作中
(1) 写作时,尽量使用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语,尽量少用“大词”和较复杂的语法结构和句型。
(2) 遇到想不起来的词或句型时,可尽量找同义词、近义词或同义句型来替代,避免出错。
(3)完成表达,注意过渡。在初稿的基础上,核对各要点是否表达清楚和正确,并重点注意文中上、下句之间的联系,适当添加前后句连接所必需的连接词或过渡句,形成一篇上下连贯、通顺的短文。
写作后
认真书写,整体检查。将所写的短文草稿认真书写在试卷上。注意从整体上检查短文的格式和单词的拼写、大小写以及标点符号,确保无误。
第九节 中考英语写作·表格类
(1)
假如昨天你们班级以Shall we keep animals in zoos?为题开了一次讨论会,请你根据下面的表用英语写一篇60字左右的报道,介绍讨论会的情况,第一句已经给出,不计入词数。
结果 |
20人认为应该把动物养在动物园 |
30人认为不该把动物养在动物园里 |
理由 |
1.人们可以在动物园里看到很多不同的动物 2.动物在动物园里受到良好的照顾 |
1.动物被关在笼子里无法活动2.动物喜欢生活在自然环境中 |
Yesterday we had a discussion about whether we should keep animals in zoos
「参考范文」
Yesterday we had a discussion about whether we should keep animals in zoos. Twenty students thought that it was good to keep animals in zoos because people could see many different kinds of animals there and animals were taken good care of in the zoos. But thirty students thought it not good for animals. Since the animals were kept in cages, they were not able to travel (walk,run) freely. Animals liked to live in nature.
(2)
今天你到广州的一家超市购物,遇见一群英国游客,在交谈中,他们谈到他们明天想去广州动物园参观,向你打听该园的门票价格和开放时间。请你根据下面表格中的内容向他们介绍,并顺便提醒他们你认为参观时应注意的事项。词数不少于80个。
票价 |
开放时间 |
成人 |
80元\人 |
星期一星期五上午9;00到下午4;00 |
1.20米以上儿童 |
40元\人 |
星期六~星期天上午8:00~下午5 30
|
1.20米以下儿童 |
|
注:成人adult
「参考范文」
Guangzhou Zoo is the largest one in our city. The ticket for an adult is 80 yuan. The children over 1.20m in height can pay only half of it, and the ones under 1.20m can enter the zoo for free. The zoo opens from 9:00 a. m. to 4:00 p. m. on weekdays and from 8:00 a. m. to 5:30 p. m. on weekends. By the way, while visiting the zoo, you’d better not feed the animals with the food you take. And don’t get too close to or even touch the animals. That would be very dangerous. Please keep the zoo clean as well.
Wish you a good time!
(3)
假设你去参加英语夏令营,外籍老师要求你介绍你的一位好友,请根据下面表格提供的信息写一篇短文。短文开头已经给出。
要求:
1. 所给的信息必须全部用上;
2. 必要时可增加内容,着重描述学习情况和特长爱好;
3. 字数一定要在80字左右;4. 表达连贯,书写工整。
姓名 |
性别 |
年龄 |
家庭成员 |
学校 |
学习情况及特长爱好 |
李卫 |
男 |
15 |
3人 |
三中 |
「参考范文」
My friend,
My friend is Li Wei. He is a boy. He is fifteen 15 years old. He studies / is in / at No. 3 Middle School. There are three people in his family, his father, his mother and he. He studies hard at all his subjects. He is good at Chinese and maths. I am a little weak in maths. So he often helps me with it. His favourite sports are swimming and playing basket-ball. He is on the school team. He enjoys reading and listening to music. He is kind and friendly. We all like him
第十节 中考英语写作复习·留言条
「写作示例」
假如你是梅梅,本打算今天(4月21日)下午去芳芳家做作业,可是你的父母要带你去看望住院的姥姥。请写一个30—50词的留言条给芳芳,告诉她请她原谅。
「写作示例」
April 21
Dear Fang Fang,
I’m very sorry to say that I can’t go to your home to do my homework with you because my grandma was ill in hospital and my parents will take me to see her. Please excuse me.
Mei Mei
「电话留言」
电话留言(记录)虽然也属于便条,但其格式却与请假条和留言条不太一样。中学教材中介绍了一种表格式的电话留言条,它要简要地写明打电话者和应接电话者的姓名,打电话日期以及电话内容。最后署名为接电话人的姓名。
「写作示例」
根据以下电话内容,写一则电话留言。
(At about three o’clock in the afternoon, June 12th)
Kate: Hello.7-5-5-double 6-2.
Li Lei:Oh, hello. Could I speak to Jim, please?
Kate: I’m afraid he’s out at the moment. He’s at the cinema. Can I take a message?
Li Lei: Yes. Could you ask him to call me, please?
Kate: Sure! What’s your name, please?
Li Lei: Li Lei.
Kate: How do you speak that, please?
Li Lei: L-I, Li L-E-I, Lei. My telephone number is 6-7-double 8-3-4.
Kate: 6-7-double 8-3-4. Right.
Li Lei: Thanks a lot. Bye.
Kate: It’s a pleasure.
参考答案:
Telephone Message
From: Li Lei To: Jim
Date: June 12th Time: 3:00 p.m.
Message: Please ring him. His telephone number is 678834.
Kate
第十一节 中考英语写作复习·请假条
便条可以看作是一种形式简单的书信。常见的英文便条有请假条、留言条和借条等。它们格式简单、用词通俗、开门见山、简明扼要。
请假条和留言条的结构是一样的,即由称呼、正文、签名和日期四个部分组成。
「写作示例」
假如你叫李明,因患重感冒今明两天不能上学。请你参考下面所给词语,给你的外籍英语教师写一张请假条,说明你这两天不能上学的原因。
Not feel well, a bad cold, stay in bed, can’t go to school for two days, get well soon(杭州市中考题)
「参考答案」
Tuesday
Dear Mr Green,
I’m sorry to tell you that I’m not feeling well today. This morning I went to see the doctor and he told me that I had caught a bad cold. And he also asked me to stay in bed for two days. So I can’t go to school today and tomorrow. I hope I’ll get well soon.
Yours,
Li Ming
第十二节 中考英语写作复习·通知
在英语里,通知有书面通知和口头通知两种。书面通知又叫通告或布告。它是上级组织对下级组织、单位对成员部署工作、传达事情或召开会议所使用的一种应用文。
「口头通知」
口头通知比书面通知要口语化,开头往往有称呼语,如Ladies and gentlemen / Boys and girls/Dear friends 等。正文开头时一般有提醒听众注意的词语和句子,如Please be quiet everyone!/Attention please!/May I take your attention, please?/I’ve something to tell you./I will tell you something very important.等。在口头通知讲完后要对听众说声结束语 That’s all, thank you. 以示礼貌。
「写作示例」
提示:你校学生会将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会,要在学校广播中宣布此事,并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友听懂,请你用英语写一篇广播通知。要点如下:
宗 旨:欢迎来访的美国朋友
组织者:学生会
时 间:8月15日(星期六) 晚7:30
地 点:主楼屋顶花园
活动内容:听音乐、跳舞、唱歌、游戏、交换小礼品(请包装好、签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词) .
注意:
1.广播稿约100词;
2.应包括以上要点,但不要逐字翻译,要组织成一篇通顺连贯的短文。
「参考答案」
May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. It’s good news that the Student Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, August 15, which is to welcome our American friends.
The party to be held will be very interesting. You can dance, listen to the music, sing beautiful songs, play games and exchange gifts. Would you like to bring a small gift with you? Then you can charge it with your new friends. Please wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words which can express your best wishes.
Anyone who wants to attend the party can go to the roof garden of the Main Building on Saturday evening, August 15. Everyone is welcome.
Everyone is sure to have a good time! That’s all. Thank you.
「书面通知」
书面通知的用词比较正式,常常是贴在公共场所显眼的地方。通知一般由标题、正文和结尾三部分组成。为了醒目起见,通知正文上方的中央位置往往写上NOTICE.然后在NOTICE下方一至两行处写通知的内容,这是通知的主体内容,要求写得言简意赅,对通知的对象、事物、时间和地点等应交待清楚,要求明确。接着在正文的右下方写发通知的单位或负责人姓名。在正文的左下方,低于写发通知单位一两行处顶格写通知日期。
「写作示例」
试题:请你拟写一个书面通知,告诉同学们明天去参加植树活动。
内容:明天是植树节,天气暖和。你们不上课,去公园植树。早晨八点在学校门口集合,骑自行车去。中午在那里吃饭,请带好水和食物。(1997年江西省中考)
「参考答案」
NOTICE
Tomorrow is Tree Planting Day. It is warm. You will have no classes. We shall plant trees in the park. We will meet at the gate of our school at 8:00 in the morning and go there by bike. We will have lunch there. Please bring some water and food with you. Don’t be late.
the Headmaster Office
March 11
第十三节 中考英语写作复习·日记
日记是用以记叙一天生活中所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。写英语日记一般要注意以下几点:
1. 英语日记有一定的格式。英语日记通常由两部分组成,即书端和正文。书端用于记载写日记的日期、星期和天气情况。它位于正文上面的第一行,顶格写起。日期和星期写在第一行的左上角,天气情况写在第一行的右上角,书端的日期可以是先月,后日,最后是年;也可以是先日;后月,再年。日期可以用基数词,也可以用序数词,序数词常缩写。如2009年1月31日,英语可以是January 31(st), 2009,也可以是31(st) January, 2009.当只有月、日时,月份可以缩写。如August 1st或Aug. 1st.
2.日记要用第一人称写。日记是对生活的记录,是一个人把自己一天中最有意义的事情记录下来所形成的书面材料,故写日记必须用第一人称(I) .有时,文中将“I”省去,意思也同样明白。
3. 写日记所用的时态。日记一般是当天的下午或晚上记叙白天发生的事,因此多用过去时态和现在完成时态,但也可灵活运用,如说明客观事实、普通真理或为了所描述的事物生动等时,也可用现在时态。
「日记写作示例」
A Diary
Friday,February 3,2009 Fine
In the morning my mother asked me to buy half a kilo of tea and a bag of bread. Then I went to the nearest shop.
When I got to the shop, the seller came up to me and asked what I needed. I told him that I wanted to buy half a kilo of tea and a bag of bread. He said, “Just a minute.” I looked around. The shop wasn’t big, but it was nice and clean, and there were a lot of things in it.
Very soon, he gave me half a kilo of tea and a bag of bread. I asked him, “Do you have the kind with nuts?” Then he reached the bread with nuts on the top shelf. He said these things were all fourteen yuan. I gave fifteen yuan to him, but he gave me six yuan back.
I counted the money, and then told him he was wrong. But he talked as if he had known all about it. He smiled and said: “It’s very nice of you to do so!” The other sellers also laughed.
中考英语写作复习•招领启事
写作说明
招领启事以 Found 作为标题放在启事上方之中。在右下角处写上写招领启事的时间。启事的正文包括招领的物品、拾到物品的时间及丢失者去认领的地点。启事正文的右下角写上登这一启事的单位。
典型例子
假如昨天是 2009 年 1 月 20 日,你在操场上拾到一个钱包,内有人民币若干元和钥匙等物。你现在写一个招领启事,请失主到你班教室认领。
你的名字:王小军
你的班级:初三(6)班
参考范文
Found
January 20,2009
I happened to find a purse on the playground. In the purse there is some money and keys. The loser is expected to come to our classroom to take it back.
Wang Xiaojun
Class 6,Junior 3
第十四节 中考英语写作复习•寻物启事
写作说明
寻物启事以标题放在启事的上方正中。在Lost 的右上角处写出寻物启事的时间。寻物启事的正文包括遗失物品,遗失的时间、地点、若有人发现遗失物品应送交的人、地点。启事正文右下角写上失主的姓名,Loser 可写可不写。
注意事项
(1) 写寻物启事和招领启事时,不必一一说出所失或所拣之物,也不必说出其详细数目,以免他人冒领。
(2) 失者或拾者的详细地址要写清楚,以便失主及早前来认领,拾者及早主动找到失主。
典型例子
吴勇,初二(1)班学生,本月22 日在本校食堂遗失手提包一个,内有自行车钥匙一把、课本两册、词典一本,拾到者请交初二(1)班班长或本人。
时间:2008 年12 月24 日
词数:60 左右。
参考范文
Lost
December 24,2008
I was careless and lost a bag in the dining room on the afternoon of 22nd of this month. Inside were two textbooks,a dictionary and something else. Will the finder please send it either to the monitor of Class 1,Junior 2 or to me?So much thanks to the finder.
Wu Yong
第十五节 中考英语写作复习•电子邮件
1.假设你是Liu Ming.下面是你的笔友Zhang Ping给你发来的e-mail,请你也用e-mail给Zhang Ping回信。所写内容的词数在70个左右。
Dear Liu Ming,
I’m very happy that you’re going to stay with us for the weekend. Will you come by bus or by train? When are you arriving? What do you look like? And what are you going to wear? Please tell me so that I can recognize you when I meet you at the station. By the way, what’s your favou-rite food, drink and fruit? I hope you’ll enjoy your stay here. Please write to me soon.
Zhang Ping
「参考范文」
Dear Zhang Ping,
Thanks for your last e-mail. I’m going to your hometown by bus on Friday. I’m arriving at about 4:00 in the afternoon. You can meet me at the bus station. Sorry I forgot to send you a picture of mine by e-mail. I’m tall and a little thin. I’ll wear a red T-shirt that day. Don’t think too much about food. Home cooking is just OK. I like orange juice best and bananas are my favourite fruit. I’m sure we’ll have a lot of fun to-gether. Oh, I can’t wait.
Liu Ming
2.假如你叫李华,在因特网上认识了一个叫David的网友, 请你给David发一风email ,介绍你的一些情况。1)李华,中学生,家住桂林;2)喜欢集邮和运动;3)对英语感兴趣,会唱一些英文歌;4)班里同学也想找网友,希望得到帮助;50想去英国看看。提示:live in , collect stamps, do some sports, pen friend, visit one’s country, English songs
Dear David,
How are you? My name is Li Hua. I am a middle school student. I am living in GuiLin. I like collecting stamps. After school, I often play football or do some other sports. What is more ,I like English very much. Now I can sing some English songs. By the way, some of my classmates want to make pen friends ,too. Can you help us? I hope I will visit your country one day.
With my best wishes.
Yours, Li Hua.
第十六节 书面表达常见错误分析(一) 文不达意
「要点领悟」
在英语书面表达的提示信息中,常有这样的语句“可适当增加细节”或“可适当发挥”,但所增加的内容应该与文章相关。如果所“发挥”的内容与文章无关,就是“画蛇添足”了。
「信息提示」
根据下面的4幅图画用英语写一篇短文,要求故事包括所有图画的主要内容,可以适当增加细节,使意思连贯。词数在100以上。(很抱歉图画无法显示)
「习作实况」
One day, an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in her hand. She went to do some shopping. Just then a car came up and she was knocked down onto the ground. She was badly injured and couldn’t move. But to everyone’s anger, the car ran away as quickly as it could. The old woman had to lie on the ground and cried (1)。 Luckily, a man, who was sweeping the street nearby, saw this. He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up. He was angry with the driver (2)。 Then he took her to the nearest hospital. There a doctor examined her carefully and gave her some medical care. After that, the dustman took her home. When the old woman’s daughter knew what had happened to her mother, she was moved deeply and thanked him very much. After a while the dustman left and went to do his work. The daughter thanked him again ( (3)。
「精讲点拨」
(1)此句与图中提示不相符,应删去。
(2)此处加写这句属多余,也与图画内容不符。
(3)文章写到“……very much.”处已经很完整了,加上这一句使行文显得重复、累赘。
「精品范文」
One day, an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in her hand. She went to do some shopping. Just then a car came up and she was knocked down onto the ground. She was badly injured and couldn’t move a little. Luckily,a man,who was sweeping the street nearby, saw this. He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up. Then he took her to the nearest hospital. There a doctor examined her carefully and gave her some medical care. After that, the dustman took her home. When the old woman’s daughter knew what had happened to her mother,she was moved deeply and thanked him very much.
第十七节 书面表达常见错误分析(二) 名词单复数
「要点领悟」
同学们在写作时,往往把重点放在文章的构思和句子结构上,有时忽略了名词的单复数。在中考作文中,如果名词的数使用混乱,也会导致较多的失分。
「信息提示」
假如你是吴强,去年春天和几位同学到东浦岛野餐,以“The happiest day”为题写一篇80-100词的作文。要求条理清晰、意思连贯、语句通顺、标点规范。
「习作实况」
The happiest day
Last spring my classmate (1) and I went to Dongpu Island to have a picnic. It was March 2. The weather was fine and there was hardly a cloud in the sky. We started early that morning. We all carried something nice to eat and drink. We sang happily on our ways (2) there. After about one and a half hour (3), we got to the island. The water in the lake was nice and clean and we could see flowers and grasses (4) all around us. How beautiful it was! After about twenty minute’s (5) rest, we divided ourselves into four groups and cooked our lunch. Most of us did the cooking for the first time. After a while, everything was ready. We put all the food on a big piece of paper. There was meat,fish,fruit and vegetable (6).How delicious they were! We enjoyed our lunch and there was a big smile on everyone’s faces (7)。
「精讲点拨」
(1)classmate在本句中看不出错误来,如果结合第二段的…… four groups就可发现classmate要用复数形式。
(2)在on one’s way 结构中,way 没有复数形式。
(3)这儿不是半个小时,而是一个半小时,所以hour要用复数。
(4)此处指普通的草,多用单数。
(5)此处应将minute’s改为minutes’,即twenty minutes’ rest.
(6)此处应用vegetable的复数形式vegetables.
(7)这儿指的是每个人的脸上,应将faces改为face.
「精品范文」
The happiest day
Last spring my classmates and I went to Dongpu Island to have a picnic. It was March 2. The weather was fine and there was hardly a cloud in the sky. We started early that morning. We all carried something nice to eat and drink.
We sang happily on the way there. After about one and a half hours,we got to the island. The water in the lake was nice and clean and we could see flowers and grass all around us. How beautiful it was!After about twenty minutes’ rest, we divided ourselves into four groups and cooked our lunch. Most of us did the cooking for the first time. After a while, everything was ready. We put all the food on a big piece of paper. There was meat,fish,fruit and vegetables. How delicious they were!We enjoyed our lunch and there was a big smile on everyone’s face.
第十八节 中考英语写作复习·书信
书信是书面表达的一种常用形式。英语书信格式包括信的格式和信封格式。
「格式说明」
英语书信一般分为信头、称呼、正文、谦称和结束语以及签名等五个部分。
信头指写信人的地址和写信日期,通常写在信纸的右上角。信头常用并列式,即每行开头要平齐。写信头时一般先写地址,后写日期。写地址应从小到大排列。如:门牌号码、街道名、城(县)名、省名、国名。邮政编码一般写在省市名称之后。写信日期位于写信人地址之后,通常空开一行。英语中日期有两种写法,一种是按月、日、年的顺序排列,另一种是按日、月、年的顺序排列。
称呼:称呼是对收信人的称谓。通常在收信人地址下面两行处写,与收信人地址齐头。英文信的称呼一般以Dear…开头。给亲属写信时,可在Dear后加上亲属关系的词,例如Dear Uncle, Dear Grandpa等;写给朋友或自己平辈的人可直呼其名,如Dear Tom, Dear Xiao Ming等;写给不太熟悉的人可根据收信人性别分别在姓氏前加上Mr. , Mrs.或Miss 等。例如Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs Smith.注意Mrs用于已婚女性,其后要接其丈夫的姓。此外,还可根据收信人的身份冠以学位、头街等。例如Dear Doctor Li, Dear President Black.称呼语的末尾常用逗号,美国多用冒号。
正文:正文是书信的主体部分。一般来说,书信正文的首行与称呼这一行要距离一行或两行,正文每段段首向右缩进5个字母。正文要求简明扼要,层次分明,语言准确得体,能表情达意。特别要注意的是英文书信,不像中文信中用“你好!”开头,不要画蛇添足,加上一句“How do you do?”等之类的问候语,但可以用询问情况来作为正文的开头,如 How are you getting along with your study? (你近来学习情况如何?) 此外,如果是写回信,应先提到已收到对方的信,并表示谢意,如I was happy to hear from you. (收到你的来信我很高兴。) Thank you for your letter of March 21. (谢谢你3月21日的来信。) 等。然后再回答对方的问题,或者叙述的事情等。
谦称和结束语:英文书信中的谦称和结束语相当于我们通常用的客套语。它位于正文之后,结束话一般单独成行,可写在信笺中间(居中),也可从中间处起向右写。首写字母要大写,句末用逗号。常见的结束语有:Best wishes! (祝好!)/ With best regards!(顺致问候!) /Wish you success(祝你成功) / Good luck! (祝你好运!)/ I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. (盼你早日回信。) Give me love / regards to…(代我向……问好!)谦称有尊卑亲疏之分,要与收信人的称呼相一致。写给亲友常用Yours, / Yours affectionately, / Yours ever, / Affectionately yours,等。写给一般的熟悉的人常用Yours sincerely, / Sincerely yours, / Yours cordially, 等。写给不太熟悉的人常用Yours truly, / Truly yours, / Yours faith fully, 等。写给长辈或上级常用Yours respectfully,等。
签名:签名即写信人的姓名。签名的位置是在谦称和结束语下面一行至两行处。除了对熟悉的人或亲密的人以外,签名必须写全姓名。
「实例分析」
假如你叫Li Ming, 是个中学生,经常收听音乐节目。请你用英语给节目主持人写一封信。信的要求如下:
1. 你很喜欢这个节目,特别(especially) 是英语歌曲;
2. 学习很忙,疲劳时,你会打开收音机,听这个节目;
3. 从英语歌里你学了很多单词;
4. 你最喜欢“My Heart Will Go On”这首歌,希望得到歌词(words of the song)。
注意:
1. 信要通顺,连贯;
2. 词数70左右,信的开头和结尾已为你写好(见参考答案划线外) ,不计入词数。
No. 28 Middle School,
Suzhou
April 8, 2009
Dear sir,
I’m a middle school student. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
「参考答案」
No. 28 Middle School,
Suzhou
April 8, 2009
Dear sir,
I’m a middle school student. I often listen to your music programme. I like the programme very much, especially the English songs. As a student, I’m busy with my studies. When I feel tired, I’ll turn on the radio and listen to your programme. I’ve also learned many English words from these songs. Of all the English songs, I like “My Heart Will Go On” best. Would you please send me the words of the song? Thank you!
Yours,
Li Ming
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