2016高考英语作文:高考英语作文完美炮制法 发布时间：2019-06-09 17:30:24
2016高考英语作文
（一）高考英语作文评分标准
1本体总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3词数少于或多余要求字数的，从总分中减去2分
4评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点，应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性，上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英，美拼写汉词汇用法均可接受。
6如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
7内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
{各档次的给分范围和要求}
第五档（很好）；（21-25分）
1完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2覆盖所有内容要点。
3应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
4语法或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或词汇所致。具备较强的语言运用能力。
5有效地使用了语句间的成份，使全文结构紧凑。
6完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档（好）；（16-20分）
1完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2虽漏掉一两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3运用的语法结构或词汇方面能满足任务的要求。
4语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
5应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
6达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档（适当）；（11-15分）
1基本完成了试题规定的任务。
2虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。
5应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
6整体而言，基本达到了语气的写作目的。
第二档（较差）；（6-10分）
1未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
2漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。
3词法结构单调，词汇项目有限。
4有一些语法结构词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
5较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。
6信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档(差)；（1-5分）
1未完成试题规定的任务。
2明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。
3语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。
4较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。
5缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
6信息未能传达给读者。
不得分（0分）
未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判，写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
（二）高考英语作文评分标准详解
一般来说，写作题的高考评分标准包含评分原则、内容要点、给分范围及要求、说明和参考范文五个部分。其中内容要点以及词数、标点、书写等方面的原则比较容易理解、操控和落实。但“评分时，应该注意的主要内容为……应用词汇和语法结构的数量……上下文的连贯性和语言的得体性”等评分原则，“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致，具备较强的语言运用能力；有效地使用了语句间的连接成份，使全文结构紧凑”等给分要求、以及“对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分”等说明，相对比较抽象，不易捉摸。
一、 如何理解“应用了较多的词汇”
这里所说的“词汇”，可以从高级词汇的使用、同义词的使用、短语的使用等方面去理解：
（一） 高级词汇的使用
评分标准第五档次的要求中提到，“词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”。这里所说的“高级词汇”，指的是大纲中没有列入或没有识记要求，但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇，比如frustration, awkward, awfully, concern等词，都可以算作是“高级词汇”。考生若能够适当地运用一些高级词汇，定会给评卷老师留下深刻的印象。
1. I can’t find any way to solve the problem. (换作高级词汇：I can’t find any solution to the problem.)
2. The pet dog is so lovely that almost everybody likes her. (换作高级词汇：The pet dog is so cute that almost everybody likes her.)
3. The question is really difficult to understand. (换作高级词汇：The question is really confusing.)
4. He had to face all the possible difficulties. (换作高级词汇：He had to cope with all the possible difficulties)
（二） 同义词的使用
英语中有些词的使用频率非常高，比如interesting, clever等，在表达时大家都很喜欢用，这样很容易令文章入千人一面的窘境中。但如果我们能够使用它们相应的同义词，就可以做到与众不同，给评卷者带来清新的感觉。例如：
1. It will be very interesting. (换作同义词：It will be a lot of fun.)
2. He was so clever that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.( 换作同义词：He was so smart that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.)
3. Last summer I visited New Jersey with my parents. (换作同义词：Last summer I toured New Jersey with my parents.)
（三） 适当利用短语取代单词
总体而言，使用短语的难度比单词要大一些，因此适当运用短语更能显出作者的功力。例如：
1. Suddenly I had a good idea. (换作短语：Suddenly I came up with a good idea.)
2. Take a moment to see what is happening around you. (换作短语：Take a moment to see what is going on around you.)
3. Everyone should do his or her best. (换作短语：Everyone is supposed to do his or her best.)
二、 如何理解“应用了较多的语法结构”
固定句式（如感叹句、复合结构、强调句型等）、定语从句、现在分词短语等都属于较复杂的语法结构。这些结构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反映写作者的语言运用能力。
（一） 使用固定句式
1. She was robbed of her purse but she had no time to call for help.(使用before one can do sth.结构：She was robbed of her purse before she could call for help.)
2. The environment will never improve until everybody takes care of it. (使用倒装结构：Not until everybody takes care of it will the environment improve.)
（二） 使用现在分词结构
现在分词结构可以表达伴随、原因等状语，因此几乎在任何文章中都可以用得上。现在分词短语可以使句子的表达更加简洁、生动，而且也使前后两个动作的衔接更加紧密。例如：
1. Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another and this bridges the gap among different races or cultures. (换作现在分词短语：Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another, thus bridging the gap among different race or cultures.)
2. People worked together on the assembly line.(换作现在分词短语：People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently.)
（三） 使用定语从句
定语从句的使用，不仅能使上下文更加流畅，也同时能充分展示写作者运用较复杂的语法结构的能力。例如：
1. My favorite living writer is Roddy Doyle. I think he is a genius. (使用定语从句：My favorite living writer is Roddy Doyle, who I think is a genius.)
2. My aunt bought me a book. The title of the book is All about USA. (使用定语从句：My aunt bought me a book, whose title is All about the USA.)
三、 如何理解“上下文的连贯性”
评分标准指出，书面表达应该注意“上下文的连贯性”，并能“有效地使用语句间的连接成份，使全文结构紧凑”。这里说的连贯性，就是指通过连接词（包括并列连词，从属连词和连接性副词）、非谓语动词短语等语法成分，使两个或多个意义相互关联的事情或观点在同一个句子内得以表达，从而使整个段落或篇章浑然一体，连贯流畅。
(一) 连接性副词
连接性副词也被称为过渡词。它们的位置一般以句首居多。连接性副词承上启下，能够令读者对后续的句子产生心理上的期待和准备，因此整个篇章会因它们而紧凑连贯。常见的连接性副词有：also, furthermore, in addition, additionally, hopefully, meanwhile, however, instead, in other words, in brief, in a word, in my opinion, on the whole等等。例如：
1. We have many things to do. We believe we can finish before the day is over. (使用连接性副词：We have quite a lot to do. Hopefully, we will be able to finish before the day is over.)
2. The boy comes from a poor family. The boy does very well in his studies. The boy plans to work his way through college. (使用连接性副词：Even though he comes from a poor family, the boy does very well in his studies; furthermore, he plans to work his way through college.)
(二) 使用从属连词
常见的从属连词有after, as, when, while, as long as, as soon as等。例如：
1. You work hard and never give up. You will succeed in your studies. (使用从属连词：So long as you work hard, you will succeed in your studies.)
2. The teacher came in. the students were quiet. (使用从属连词：The students were quiet as soon as the teacher came in.)
四、 如何理解“语言的得体性”
评分标准要求考生应注意“语言得体性”，就是要求在表达时根据说话的对象、时间、地点、场合等因素来选择使用恰当的英语语言。
（一） 体裁和题材对得性的要求
不同体裁和题材的文章有不同的用语要求。比如，书面通知中就不适合用“I will tell you a piece of good
news.”或“May I have your attention, please?”等句子。这些句子只有在口头通知中才算得体的语句。2003年高考的书面表达要求“你”给一位外国朋友回信，介绍“你”帮他找的一套出租房。相当一部分考生没有理解“你”与说话对象的关系，所以话语中没有给对方提出异议的余地，叙述的方式和口吻上缺乏礼貌性，像“The house is very suitable for you.”等语句显得相当主观，若改为“Do you think it is suitable for you? If not, I will try again.”就比较得体。
另外， 英语中还有正式语和非正式语，书面语和口头语之分。写作前，还应该认真分析题目的体裁，根据不同的体裁，确定用语的类别。正式用语或书面语的句子结构严格遵循语法规则，所采用的单词使用频率不是很高，比如：permit, inform, discover, depart等词都属于正式用语；而非正式用语或口头用语则较多地使用短语，所采用的单词使用频率高，也比较短。比如let, tell, find out, leave等等。费正式用语也经常使用简略语或缩略词。
（二） 文化和思想内涵对得体性的要求
只有了解社会、历史、文化、政治及思维习惯等因素对语言的影响，才能使选词更贴切、更得体。例如：
1. People who live on the farm can hear cocks’ crow every morning. (rooster 和cock 都可表示“公鸡”，但cock通常听起来比较粗鲁，所以应把cock改为rooster才比较妥当。)
2. Because he was ill, he had to stay at home yesterday. (本句话想要表达的意思是“因为他病了，所以他不得不呆在家里”。汉语思维中常常是先原因，后结果，而英语则刚好相反。所以句子应该改为：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.)
五、 如何理解“紧扣主题的适当发挥”
所谓“紧扣主题的适当发挥”，就是指在合乎情理、合乎规范、力所能及的前提下添加一些要点中没有提及的信息。请看2003年全国高考的一篇优秀考场作文（节选）：
I am very pleasant to learn that you will come to China to study Chinese. I have found an apartment for you. The apartment is on the third floor of a quiet tree-lined street—Fangcaosix-storeyed building, which is located on a where you areStreet. It is only one bus stop away from Jianxin Chinese School, planning to study this summer. The apartment has a bedroom, in which there is a a single bed. Inside there is a& for office and comfortable sofa, a desk ’ bathroom and a kitchen. The apartment occupies an area of 25 square meters. The rent is 500 yuan per month. I hope that the apartment will meet your expectation.
出开头和结尾外， 本文适当发挥的地方有五处（见文中标注），都是稍加扩展又立即收题，而且无一例外都是定语。这些信息的添加，不仅增强了文章的个性，而且使文章内容更加丰富。可见信息的添加不能旁逸斜出或标新立异，否则就会适得其反，突然增加一些出错的机会。
高考英语作文完美炮制法
高考英语写作技巧汇总
（一）掌握技巧：
（1）注意篇章结构，合理布局
开始部分（opening paragraph）——说出文中的要点、核心问题。
正文部分（Body paragraphs）——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。
结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）——对全文的总结和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容.
（2）确定主题句
主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现
在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。
写主题句应注意以下几点：
①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点
②提炼出一句具有概括性的话
③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。
（二）巧用连接词
要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词
表示罗列增加
First, second, third, First, then / next, after that / next, finally
For one thing … for another…,
On (the) one hand…on the other hand,
Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,
Especially / In particular,
表示时间顺序
now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with,
later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,
表示解释说明
now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually
表示转折关系
but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,
表示并列关系
or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor
表示因果关系
because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that
表示条件关系
as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless
表示让步关系
though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)
表示举例
for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example
表示比较
be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as,
表示目的
for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,
表示强调
in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,
表示概括归纳
in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion
（三）掌握常用句型：
1. in order to
为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。
He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.
2. in order that
她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。
She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 o’clock..
3. so…that
他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。
They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.
4. such…that
天气非常冷，以致于街上一个人都没有。
It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.
5. would rather do…than do
他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
6. prefer doing to doing
他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。
He prefers making speeches after careful preparation.
7. prefer to do…rather than do
比起女人，男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。
Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time
shopping.
8. not only…but also
在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。
In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her
doctor’s degree.
9. either…or
如果考试过关，你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。
You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.
10. Neither…nor
他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱读书。
He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading.
11. as well as
他善良又乐于助人。
He was kind as well as helpful.
12. …as well
这个小孩活泼又可爱。
The child is active and funny as well.
13. One…the other
你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色的，另一支是黑色的。
Have you seen two pens on the desk? One is red, the other is black.
14. Some…others
每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。
Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing.
15. make…+adj /n
我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。
What we do will make the world more beautiful.
16. not…until
直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。
I didn’t know the truth until she told me what happened.
17. as if
他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。
He talks a lot as if he knows everything.
18. It is no use (good) doing…
假装不懂规则是行不通的。
It’s no use pretending that you didn’t know the rules.
19. find it + adj to do…
我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。
I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.
20. It is + time since…
我已经有两年没见他了。
It is two years since I last met him.
21. It is + time when…
我到电影院时已经八点钟了。
It was 8 o’clock when I got to the cinema.
22. It is + time before…
不久我们就会再见面的。
I won’t be long before we can meet again.
23. It is…that…
我最珍视的是友谊。
It is friendship that I value most.
24. It is + n / adj + that / to do…
每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机
It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers.
写作辅导：写作核心句型
核心句型
1． 开头
1. The arguer may be right about …, but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (take into account) that fact that…
2. As opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly/generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas/views), I believe (argue that…
3. Although many people believe that …, I doubt (wonder) whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination).
4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A.
5. Although it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that …, it is unlikely to be true that…
6. There is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important / essential) fact (reason) that…
7. It is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,)…, but this is not to say (it is unlikely / it doesn’t follow / it doesn’t mean / it won’t be the case) that…
8. The main (obvious / great) problem (flaw / drawback) with (in) this argument (view / remark) is that it is ignorant of (blind to) the basic (bare) fact that …
9. It would be possible (natural / reasonable) to think (believe / take the view) that…, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that …
10. In all the discussion and debate over…, one important (basic) fact is generally overlooked (neglected).
11. There is absolutely (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that…
12. Logical (Valid / Sound) as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) when … is taken into consideration (account).
13. To assume (suggest) that … is far from being proved (to miss the point).
14. A close (careful) inspection (examination / scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless / fallacious) it is.
15. On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but careful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that…
16. Too much emphasis placed on (attention paid to / importance attached to) … may obscure (overlook / neglect) other facts…
17. The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that…
18. What the arguer fails to understand (consider /mention) is that…
19. We don’t have to look very far to see (find out) the truth (validity) of this argument (proposition).
20. However just (logical / sound / valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.
2． 正文
1. Although the popular belief is that…, a current (new / recent) study (survey / poll / investigation) indicates (shows / demonstrates) that…
2. Common sense tells us that…
3. The increase (change / failure / success) in… mainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from / is because of)…
4. The increase (change / failure /success) in … is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that…
5. Many people would claim that…
6. One may attribute (ascribe / owe) the increase (decrease / change) to …, but … is not by itself an adequate explanation.
7. One of the reasons given for … is that…
8. What is also worth noticing is that…
9. There are many (different / several / a number of / a variety of) causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change /decline / increase) in .. First,… Second,… Finally,…
10. There is no evidence to suggest that…
11. Why are (is / do / did) …? For one thing, … For another, …
12. Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that…
13. It gives rise to (lead to / bring / create) a host of problems (consequences).
14. There are numerous reasons why …, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.
15. It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on…
16. A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success/ failure / development) in…
17. In 1999, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total (to 15 percent / by 15 percent).
18. By comparison with 1998, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent).
19. It account for 15 percent of the total.
20. There were 100 traffic accidents in April, and increase of 5 percent in a five-month period.
21. By 1999, only (less than / more than / almost / about / over / as many as) three quarters (40 percent of / one out of five / one in four) college population (graduates / housewives) as against (as compared with) last year (1998) preferred to (liked)…
3． 结尾
1. From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that…
2. All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that …
3. It is high time that we place (lay / put) great ( special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of…
4. It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of…
5. We must look (search / all / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of …, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of…
6. There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution ( approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of …, but … might be useful (helpful / beneficial).
7. No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of …, but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of … might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction).
8. Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to)…, but the pay-off will be worth the effort.
9. Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that…
10. Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to)…, it is very likely (the chances are good) that…
11. There is little doubt (no denying) that serous (special / adequate / immediate /further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of …
12. It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct / check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon).
13. It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be make to control (check / halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of …
14. It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)…
15. It remains to be seen whether…, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy).
16. Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave / serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of…
17. To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job), and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of main towards (attitude towards / outlook on)…
18. For these reasons, I strongly recommend that…
19. For the reasons given above, I feel that…
高考英语答题模板：拿高分有技巧
高考作文万能模板：图标作文
As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture，____ has been on rise/ decrease， significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from ____ in _____ to _____ in _____. From the sharp rise/decline in the chart， it goes without saying that _____.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for _____. In one hand， ____.In the other hand， _____ is due to the fact that ______.In addition， ______ is responsible for _____. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______.But itis generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned， I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
书信作文模板
Your addressMonth， Date， yearReceiver's addressDear …，
I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that_____.
……
I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/I am looking f0rward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours，
话题作文
Nowadays， there are more and more __ _ in __ _. It is estimated that ___. Why have there been so many ____? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.
The first one is ______. Besides，_____. The third one is _____. To sum up， the main cause of it is due to _____. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing，_____. For another thing， _____. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____.
对比观点作文
(1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1. 有一些人认为。。。
2. 另一些人认为。。。
3. 我的看法。。。
The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
(2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二).
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).
阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述.
1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.
2. 分析并举例使其更充实.
The good old proverb ----------------(名言或谚语)reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三).
解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
1. 问题现状
2. 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明A的现状).Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).
说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)
1. 说明事物现状
2. 事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)
3. 你对现状(或前景)的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一). Besides -------------------(A的优点之二).
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点).
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法).
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测).)
现象说明文
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.
There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.
what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.
Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________
____.In Conclusion____________________.
一种事物或现象(负面意义倾向)
关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。
给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A…
A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。
认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了(这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡) 。(举例)。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。
事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。
而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。
One object or phenomenon (negative significance inclination.)
A has attracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.
Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly. Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….
A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world. It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly. The essence of these wrong actions is:
(1) to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;
(2) to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.
Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests. However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.
We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.
Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production. Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.
Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem. We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.
议论文的框架
(1) 不同观点列举型( 选择型 )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
(2)利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
( 3 ) 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
实用性写作(申请信 )
Your address
Month, Date, year
Receiver's address
Dear ...,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.
.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.
I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success.
Sincerely yours,
X X X
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班主任 
课本 
作文
小升初
美术
